The thyroid is a small, butterfly shaped gland located in the front of the neck just below the Adam’s apple. Unless enlarged, it is very rarely discernible unless checked by a medical professional. The thyroid plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health of the body by producing hormones that regulate most vital bodily functions.

The thyroid gland produces triiodothyronine (T3) and  thyroxine (T4) hormones. Here are some of the major regulatory functions of these hormones.

Metabolic Rate – Increases the amount of calories used by bodily functions. A low thyroid function can lead to weight gain and obesity.

Body Temperature – Helps maintain body temperature. High levels are correlated to increased temperature and low levels lead to decreased temperature.

Heart and Cardiovascular Function – Keeps our heart beating regularly and efficiently. Low hormone levels can cause low heart rate and low blood pressure making you feel fatigued and tired. 

Brain and Mood – Stabilizes mood. A low thyroid level can cause depression and mental fog, whereas high levels can cause anxiety and panic attacks.

Skin, Hair and Nails – Juvenates the skin, hair, and nails. Low levels can cause dry skin, hair thinning, and brittle and discolored nails. 

Digestive System – Regulates digestion. A lack of these hormones can cause constipation.

Thyroid hormones are measured by checking TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), a hormone that signals the thyroid to release T3 and T4.

Age, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications can decrease the production of T3 and T4 hormones. To combat this the pituitary gland will increase TSH production  to stimulate hormone creation. Therefore if your TSH levels increase over time it can be a sign to start thyroid replacement therapy.